Chapter 18 : Cures
In 1972 Paul Berg made the first man-mad recombinant DNA using restriction enzymes and ligase. Afterwards there were many experiments that uses recombinant DNA in which a retrovirus would be stripped of its infectious genes and replaces with a desired gene. It is then injected into the body in order to cure diseases such as SCID, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, and cancer through gene therapy. Ridley then wonders about of the possibilities of human cloning with genetic improvement through use of embryonic stem cells and recombinant DNA.
Sunday, June 3, 2012
Genome Entries 9
Chapter 14 : Immortality
A molecular biologist named James Watson in 1972 discovered that polymerases does not start copying DNA at the tip of the chromosome but they instead start coding part way into the DNA, so when the DNA is replicated, little bit of the telomere is left out. Telomerase is responsible for increasing the continuous division of cells. This explains why brain cells do not divide in order to save the vital genes they have. In Malignant cancer, cells switch the gene on after it has bee switched off by most cells in development. Ridley proposes a hypothesis that aging maybe be caused by evolution.
A molecular biologist named James Watson in 1972 discovered that polymerases does not start copying DNA at the tip of the chromosome but they instead start coding part way into the DNA, so when the DNA is replicated, little bit of the telomere is left out. Telomerase is responsible for increasing the continuous division of cells. This explains why brain cells do not divide in order to save the vital genes they have. In Malignant cancer, cells switch the gene on after it has bee switched off by most cells in development. Ridley proposes a hypothesis that aging maybe be caused by evolution.
Genome Entries 8
Chapter 8: Environment
Genetic inheritance is explained in this chapter as the principles of pleiotrophy, pluralism, and the environment of the individual. Chromosome 5 contains one of the asthma genes. Asthma has a direct relationship with allergies and can be affected by it. Scientist think that asthma might be increasing because of pollution from modern synthetic chemicals like isocyanates and excessive hygiene. hey found that two genes that are closest related to the asthma causing gene. These two genes produces immunogobuln- E. The proteins comes in different forms and is involved with the release of histamine into the body. Asthma has been linked to trivial and inconclusive gene but the cause of the disease is mostly because of the environment of the individual.
Genetic inheritance is explained in this chapter as the principles of pleiotrophy, pluralism, and the environment of the individual. Chromosome 5 contains one of the asthma genes. Asthma has a direct relationship with allergies and can be affected by it. Scientist think that asthma might be increasing because of pollution from modern synthetic chemicals like isocyanates and excessive hygiene. hey found that two genes that are closest related to the asthma causing gene. These two genes produces immunogobuln- E. The proteins comes in different forms and is involved with the release of histamine into the body. Asthma has been linked to trivial and inconclusive gene but the cause of the disease is mostly because of the environment of the individual.
Genome Entries 7
Chapter 11: Personality
Dopamine is a chemical that creates motivational moods. If someone was to lack Dopamine they would become lethargic or immobile and excess loos of Dopamine can cause schizophrenia. In chapter 11, Dean Hamer shows a study of D4DR that relates with novelty seeking behavior. Hamer depathologizes peoples personalities and reassures them that their personality is innate rather than some learned flaw helped them in order to improve their self esteem. Diet and the amount of cholesterol ones intake can also affect personality and behavior. Antisocial and depressed people have been shown to have lower cholesterol levels because cholesterol affects serotonin. Lower cholesterol levels creates in lower serotonin levels results in depression or violent desires.
Dopamine is a chemical that creates motivational moods. If someone was to lack Dopamine they would become lethargic or immobile and excess loos of Dopamine can cause schizophrenia. In chapter 11, Dean Hamer shows a study of D4DR that relates with novelty seeking behavior. Hamer depathologizes peoples personalities and reassures them that their personality is innate rather than some learned flaw helped them in order to improve their self esteem. Diet and the amount of cholesterol ones intake can also affect personality and behavior. Antisocial and depressed people have been shown to have lower cholesterol levels because cholesterol affects serotonin. Lower cholesterol levels creates in lower serotonin levels results in depression or violent desires.
Genome Entries 6
Chapter17 : Death
A gene called TP53 is responsible for suppressing rogue cancer cells and is classified as a tumor suppressor gene. These genes are the opposite of oncogenes, which are genes that encourage cell growth. Ridley explains that the reason detecting cancer early is so important is that the more it progresses and the more the cells divide, the more mutations accumulate. Some cancer victims also carry mutations in mutator genes. Ridley explains that in various types of cancers TP53 is mutated very early, which is why chemotherapy and radiation therapy does not always work effectively in later stages of the disease
A gene called TP53 is responsible for suppressing rogue cancer cells and is classified as a tumor suppressor gene. These genes are the opposite of oncogenes, which are genes that encourage cell growth. Ridley explains that the reason detecting cancer early is so important is that the more it progresses and the more the cells divide, the more mutations accumulate. Some cancer victims also carry mutations in mutator genes. Ridley explains that in various types of cancers TP53 is mutated very early, which is why chemotherapy and radiation therapy does not always work effectively in later stages of the disease
BOW Invert Comparassion
Arachnid
Arachnids are a class of invertebrates with 8 jointed legs. They have two pairs of appendages used for feeding, defense, and sensory perception. They have pedipals and chelicerae but no antennae nor wings. Their body is organed into two tagmata . The cephalothorax and the abdomen. Arachnids consist of spiders, ticks, scorpions, and ricinulei and more.
Insects
Insects are a class of invertebrates with a chitin exoskeleton that protects them. Insects have six legs. They have three main body parts. These are the head, thorax, and abdomen. They have three pairs of jointed legs. Insects have wings. Their wings are located on their thorax Insects have compound eyes. They have two pairs of antennae. Insects hatch from eggs and there are about 800,00 different types of insects. The insect class consist of ants, grasshoppers, cricket, wasp, and stink bug.
Annelids
Annelids are sometimes called Annelida. They are from a large phylum of segmented worms. There are about 17,00 species. The Annelids consists of rag worms, earthworms, and leeches. They are found marines environments to freshwater environments to terrestrial environments. Annelids have multiple segments. They have blood circulation within blood vessels. They can produce asexually.
http://ecoglitz.com/wp-content/gallery/insect/insects7.jpg
http://media.tiscali.co.uk/images/feeds/hutchinson/ency/1929n005.jpg
http://www.cepolina.com/photo/nature/animals/worm/2/worms_annelid_red_nest.jpg
http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/annelida.html
http://www.everythingabout.net/articles/biology/animals/arthropods/insects/
http://www.everythingabout.net/articles/biology/animals/arthropods/arachnids/
BOW Nephrons
The Nephron is the main unit of the kidney. Its main job is to regulate the concentration of water and substances such as sodium and salts by filtering the blood, regaining the nutrients and proteins( of which the body needs) by reabsorbing it ad expelling the waste in the form of urine. The nephron starts by filtering out the blood. The distal and proximal tube will then slowly bring back in the nutrients such as calcium, chloride, proteins, etc that the body needs. Whatever if left goes to the ureter then gets send to the bladder in which it is urinated out. The nephron capsule filters urea, water, glucose, and salts from the
capillary, and sends them through the tubule. Then the tubule re-absorbs
water and glucose back into the blood, and carries what is left over urine to the ureter. Urine is made up of a a mixture of urea, water, and salts. The three main parts of the nephron is the Glomerular capsule, Henle's loop, and Collection tube.
http://www1.shore.net/~straub/labsk_nephron.gif
http://www.ccmtutorials.com/renal/pathphys/page_02.htm
http://www.kidneyhealthcare.com/2010/12/nephron-structure-function-nephron.html
http://www1.shore.net/~straub/labsk_nephron.gif
http://www.ccmtutorials.com/renal/pathphys/page_02.htm
http://www.kidneyhealthcare.com/2010/12/nephron-structure-function-nephron.html
BOW Starfish
The scientific names for starfishes are called echinoderms. Starfish are marine invertebrates. They have a central point along with 5 or more arms. Echinoderms have tube feet with suction pads. They evolved from bilateral symmetrical animals. Echinoderms have mesodermal skeletons. The left side of their body tends to grow symmetrically in a pentagon like shape. Starfish preys on clams and oysters. They are also filter feeders. Their body wall consists of three layers. The first outer layer is a single layer of cells that covers the entire starfish. The third layer are made up of ciliated cells that separates the starfish's guts from its skin. The middle layer is a thick layer called the dermis. It is made up of connective tissue and contains the exoskeleton. The exoskeleton supports the spines, warts, and tubercles that are found on the echinoderm surface.
Echinoderms has contact with the external world through its water vascular system including the tube feet. The water vascular system starts with an opening to the external environment called a madreporite. Then continues the stone canals that leads to the ring canal that has five longitudinal canals branching off from it into each of the arms. In the Crinoidea, it has a U-shaped guy with the mouth and the anus being on the same surface. Echinoderms have a sub-epidermal never net running all over their body. Many Echinoderms use their tube feet as organs for gaseous exchange, but others such as the Ophiuroidea and the Holothuroidea have additional special sites or organs of respiration.
Ophiocistioidea
Crinoidea
Astroidea
Echinoiudea
Holothuoidea
http://www.palaeos.org/Echinodermata
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/comatulid.gif
http://seanet.stanford.edu/Asteroidea/poraniop_inf580.jpg
http://bio1151b.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch33/33_40EchinodermDiversityC.jpg
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/seacuke.gif
Echinoderms has contact with the external world through its water vascular system including the tube feet. The water vascular system starts with an opening to the external environment called a madreporite. Then continues the stone canals that leads to the ring canal that has five longitudinal canals branching off from it into each of the arms. In the Crinoidea, it has a U-shaped guy with the mouth and the anus being on the same surface. Echinoderms have a sub-epidermal never net running all over their body. Many Echinoderms use their tube feet as organs for gaseous exchange, but others such as the Ophiuroidea and the Holothuroidea have additional special sites or organs of respiration.
Ophiocistioidea
Crinoidea
Astroidea
Echinoiudea
Holothuoidea
http://www.palaeos.org/Echinodermata
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/comatulid.gif
http://seanet.stanford.edu/Asteroidea/poraniop_inf580.jpg
http://bio1151b.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch33/33_40EchinodermDiversityC.jpg
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/seacuke.gif
Friday, June 1, 2012
What was your favorite topic this semester?
My favorite topic was probably chapter 33 on invertebrates. I feel like in that chapter I learned more things than any other chapters because I've always been interested in insects, spiders, and other creepy crawlers. Also my uncle has a saltwater fish tank that always seem to amazes me because in his fish tank, he not only have fishes but other live "under water plants" too that I learned were corals. The tentacles things that his clown fishes like to hide in are called anemone and they belong to the cnidarian class. So yeah, I feel like if its something that I like, then it would motivate me to learn more about it.
What was your least favorite?
My least favorite chapter would be chapter 17 (from gene to protein). That chapter confused me because it talks about all these steps about RNA and its decoding and what not. Genetics is not one of my favorite chapters in the first place so I wasn't really motivated to learn it.
What would you change about this class if you could?
Not much, but one thing I would change or add is a more in depth schedule such as the exact date of each notebooks check so students won't tend to wait to the last minute.
What do you feel is your biggest accomplishment in biology this year?
My biggest accomplishment this year was basically learning more in depth analysis of the biology course.I feel like I gain a lot of knowledge from some of the chapters and I could use those knowledge to help me in life one day or make me sound smart around other people.
My favorite topic was probably chapter 33 on invertebrates. I feel like in that chapter I learned more things than any other chapters because I've always been interested in insects, spiders, and other creepy crawlers. Also my uncle has a saltwater fish tank that always seem to amazes me because in his fish tank, he not only have fishes but other live "under water plants" too that I learned were corals. The tentacles things that his clown fishes like to hide in are called anemone and they belong to the cnidarian class. So yeah, I feel like if its something that I like, then it would motivate me to learn more about it.
What was your least favorite?
My least favorite chapter would be chapter 17 (from gene to protein). That chapter confused me because it talks about all these steps about RNA and its decoding and what not. Genetics is not one of my favorite chapters in the first place so I wasn't really motivated to learn it.
What would you change about this class if you could?
Not much, but one thing I would change or add is a more in depth schedule such as the exact date of each notebooks check so students won't tend to wait to the last minute.
What do you feel is your biggest accomplishment in biology this year?
My biggest accomplishment this year was basically learning more in depth analysis of the biology course.I feel like I gain a lot of knowledge from some of the chapters and I could use those knowledge to help me in life one day or make me sound smart around other people.
Last Blog
What was your favorite topic this semester?
My favorite topic was probably chapter 33 on invertebrates. I feel like in that chapter I learned more things than any other chapters because I've always been interested in insects, spiders, and other creepy crawlers. Also my uncle has a saltwater fish tank that always seem to amazes me because in his fish tank, he not only have fishes but other live "under water plants" too that I learned were corals. The tentacles things that his clown fishes like to hide in are called anemone and they belong to the cnidarian class. So yeah, I feel like if its something that I like, then it would motivate me to learn more about it.
What was your least favorite?
My least favorite chapter would be chapter 17 (from gene to protein). That chapter confused me because it talks about all these steps about RNA and its decoding and what not. Genetics is not one of my favorite chapters in the first place so I wasn't really motivated to learn it.
What would you change about this class if you could?
Not much, but one thing I would change or add is a more in depth schedule such as the exact date of each notebooks check so students won't tend to wait to the last minute.
What do you feel is your biggest accomplishment in biology this year?
My biggest accomplishment this year was basically learning more in depth analysis of the biology course.I feel like I gain a lot of knowledge from some of the chapters and I could use those knowledge to help me in life one day or make me sound smart around other people.
My favorite topic was probably chapter 33 on invertebrates. I feel like in that chapter I learned more things than any other chapters because I've always been interested in insects, spiders, and other creepy crawlers. Also my uncle has a saltwater fish tank that always seem to amazes me because in his fish tank, he not only have fishes but other live "under water plants" too that I learned were corals. The tentacles things that his clown fishes like to hide in are called anemone and they belong to the cnidarian class. So yeah, I feel like if its something that I like, then it would motivate me to learn more about it.
What was your least favorite?
My least favorite chapter would be chapter 17 (from gene to protein). That chapter confused me because it talks about all these steps about RNA and its decoding and what not. Genetics is not one of my favorite chapters in the first place so I wasn't really motivated to learn it.
What would you change about this class if you could?
Not much, but one thing I would change or add is a more in depth schedule such as the exact date of each notebooks check so students won't tend to wait to the last minute.
What do you feel is your biggest accomplishment in biology this year?
My biggest accomplishment this year was basically learning more in depth analysis of the biology course.I feel like I gain a lot of knowledge from some of the chapters and I could use those knowledge to help me in life one day or make me sound smart around other people.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)