What I learned about Macro molecules

I learned that most macromolecules are polymers made up of monomers molecules.  An example of a monomer molecule are monosaccharides meaning 1 sugar. Monosaccharides are the simplest sugar and their molecular formulas consists of multiples of CH2O. An example of a monosacchardie is glucose in which it has a carbonyl group and multiple hydroxyl groups. There are two types of sugars: aldose aldehyde sugar) or a ketose (ketone sugar). Glucose is a aldose while its friend, fructose is a ketose. Both glucose and fructose belong to the the hexose sugar group (C6H12O6) in which they have six carbons. Pentose is a 5 carbon sugar group containing Ribose (aldoses) and Ribulose (ketose). Triose is a 3 carbon sugar group that have Glyceraldhyde (aldose) and Dihydroxycetone (ketose). The size of the carbon skeleton can range from 3-7 carbons long. Disachccaride are made up of two monosaccharides with a glycosidic linkage. An example of a monsaccharides would be a maltose, in which it is formed from two glucose by a glycosidic linkage. Another example would be sucrose( glucose + (glycosidic linkage) + fructose). Glucose is used by plants to transport carbohydrates from leaves to roots. Polysaccharides are formed from hundreds to thousands of monosacchardies through glycosidic linkage. Examples would be starch, which are stored energy of plants, cellulose which are tough walls that protect plant cells, gylcogen which is used by humans and vertebrates to store energy, and chitin used by arthropods to build their exoskeletons.




http://biomodel.uah.es/en/model3/index.htm