http://www1.shore.net/~straub/labsk_nephron.gif
http://www.ccmtutorials.com/renal/pathphys/page_02.htm
http://www.kidneyhealthcare.com/2010/12/nephron-structure-function-nephron.html
Sunday, June 3, 2012
BOW Nephrons
The Nephron is the main unit of the kidney. Its main job is to regulate the concentration of water and substances such as sodium and salts by filtering the blood, regaining the nutrients and proteins( of which the body needs) by reabsorbing it ad expelling the waste in the form of urine. The nephron starts by filtering out the blood. The distal and proximal tube will then slowly bring back in the nutrients such as calcium, chloride, proteins, etc that the body needs. Whatever if left goes to the ureter then gets send to the bladder in which it is urinated out. The nephron capsule filters urea, water, glucose, and salts from the
capillary, and sends them through the tubule. Then the tubule re-absorbs
water and glucose back into the blood, and carries what is left over urine to the ureter. Urine is made up of a a mixture of urea, water, and salts. The three main parts of the nephron is the Glomerular capsule, Henle's loop, and Collection tube.
http://www1.shore.net/~straub/labsk_nephron.gif
http://www.ccmtutorials.com/renal/pathphys/page_02.htm
http://www.kidneyhealthcare.com/2010/12/nephron-structure-function-nephron.html
http://www1.shore.net/~straub/labsk_nephron.gif
http://www.ccmtutorials.com/renal/pathphys/page_02.htm
http://www.kidneyhealthcare.com/2010/12/nephron-structure-function-nephron.html
BOW Starfish
The scientific names for starfishes are called echinoderms. Starfish are marine invertebrates. They have a central point along with 5 or more arms. Echinoderms have tube feet with suction pads. They evolved from bilateral symmetrical animals. Echinoderms have mesodermal skeletons. The left side of their body tends to grow symmetrically in a pentagon like shape. Starfish preys on clams and oysters. They are also filter feeders. Their body wall consists of three layers. The first outer layer is a single layer of cells that covers the entire starfish. The third layer are made up of ciliated cells that separates the starfish's guts from its skin. The middle layer is a thick layer called the dermis. It is made up of connective tissue and contains the exoskeleton. The exoskeleton supports the spines, warts, and tubercles that are found on the echinoderm surface.
Echinoderms has contact with the external world through its water vascular system including the tube feet. The water vascular system starts with an opening to the external environment called a madreporite. Then continues the stone canals that leads to the ring canal that has five longitudinal canals branching off from it into each of the arms. In the Crinoidea, it has a U-shaped guy with the mouth and the anus being on the same surface. Echinoderms have a sub-epidermal never net running all over their body. Many Echinoderms use their tube feet as organs for gaseous exchange, but others such as the Ophiuroidea and the Holothuroidea have additional special sites or organs of respiration.
Ophiocistioidea
Crinoidea
Astroidea
Echinoiudea
Holothuoidea
http://www.palaeos.org/Echinodermata
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/comatulid.gif
http://seanet.stanford.edu/Asteroidea/poraniop_inf580.jpg
http://bio1151b.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch33/33_40EchinodermDiversityC.jpg
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/seacuke.gif
Echinoderms has contact with the external world through its water vascular system including the tube feet. The water vascular system starts with an opening to the external environment called a madreporite. Then continues the stone canals that leads to the ring canal that has five longitudinal canals branching off from it into each of the arms. In the Crinoidea, it has a U-shaped guy with the mouth and the anus being on the same surface. Echinoderms have a sub-epidermal never net running all over their body. Many Echinoderms use their tube feet as organs for gaseous exchange, but others such as the Ophiuroidea and the Holothuroidea have additional special sites or organs of respiration.
Ophiocistioidea
Crinoidea
Astroidea
Echinoiudea
Holothuoidea
http://www.palaeos.org/Echinodermata
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/comatulid.gif
http://seanet.stanford.edu/Asteroidea/poraniop_inf580.jpg
http://bio1151b.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch33/33_40EchinodermDiversityC.jpg
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/seacuke.gif
Friday, June 1, 2012
What was your favorite topic this semester?
My favorite topic was probably chapter 33 on invertebrates. I feel like in that chapter I learned more things than any other chapters because I've always been interested in insects, spiders, and other creepy crawlers. Also my uncle has a saltwater fish tank that always seem to amazes me because in his fish tank, he not only have fishes but other live "under water plants" too that I learned were corals. The tentacles things that his clown fishes like to hide in are called anemone and they belong to the cnidarian class. So yeah, I feel like if its something that I like, then it would motivate me to learn more about it.
What was your least favorite?
My least favorite chapter would be chapter 17 (from gene to protein). That chapter confused me because it talks about all these steps about RNA and its decoding and what not. Genetics is not one of my favorite chapters in the first place so I wasn't really motivated to learn it.
What would you change about this class if you could?
Not much, but one thing I would change or add is a more in depth schedule such as the exact date of each notebooks check so students won't tend to wait to the last minute.
What do you feel is your biggest accomplishment in biology this year?
My biggest accomplishment this year was basically learning more in depth analysis of the biology course.I feel like I gain a lot of knowledge from some of the chapters and I could use those knowledge to help me in life one day or make me sound smart around other people.
My favorite topic was probably chapter 33 on invertebrates. I feel like in that chapter I learned more things than any other chapters because I've always been interested in insects, spiders, and other creepy crawlers. Also my uncle has a saltwater fish tank that always seem to amazes me because in his fish tank, he not only have fishes but other live "under water plants" too that I learned were corals. The tentacles things that his clown fishes like to hide in are called anemone and they belong to the cnidarian class. So yeah, I feel like if its something that I like, then it would motivate me to learn more about it.
What was your least favorite?
My least favorite chapter would be chapter 17 (from gene to protein). That chapter confused me because it talks about all these steps about RNA and its decoding and what not. Genetics is not one of my favorite chapters in the first place so I wasn't really motivated to learn it.
What would you change about this class if you could?
Not much, but one thing I would change or add is a more in depth schedule such as the exact date of each notebooks check so students won't tend to wait to the last minute.
What do you feel is your biggest accomplishment in biology this year?
My biggest accomplishment this year was basically learning more in depth analysis of the biology course.I feel like I gain a lot of knowledge from some of the chapters and I could use those knowledge to help me in life one day or make me sound smart around other people.
Last Blog
What was your favorite topic this semester?
My favorite topic was probably chapter 33 on invertebrates. I feel like in that chapter I learned more things than any other chapters because I've always been interested in insects, spiders, and other creepy crawlers. Also my uncle has a saltwater fish tank that always seem to amazes me because in his fish tank, he not only have fishes but other live "under water plants" too that I learned were corals. The tentacles things that his clown fishes like to hide in are called anemone and they belong to the cnidarian class. So yeah, I feel like if its something that I like, then it would motivate me to learn more about it.
What was your least favorite?
My least favorite chapter would be chapter 17 (from gene to protein). That chapter confused me because it talks about all these steps about RNA and its decoding and what not. Genetics is not one of my favorite chapters in the first place so I wasn't really motivated to learn it.
What would you change about this class if you could?
Not much, but one thing I would change or add is a more in depth schedule such as the exact date of each notebooks check so students won't tend to wait to the last minute.
What do you feel is your biggest accomplishment in biology this year?
My biggest accomplishment this year was basically learning more in depth analysis of the biology course.I feel like I gain a lot of knowledge from some of the chapters and I could use those knowledge to help me in life one day or make me sound smart around other people.
My favorite topic was probably chapter 33 on invertebrates. I feel like in that chapter I learned more things than any other chapters because I've always been interested in insects, spiders, and other creepy crawlers. Also my uncle has a saltwater fish tank that always seem to amazes me because in his fish tank, he not only have fishes but other live "under water plants" too that I learned were corals. The tentacles things that his clown fishes like to hide in are called anemone and they belong to the cnidarian class. So yeah, I feel like if its something that I like, then it would motivate me to learn more about it.
What was your least favorite?
My least favorite chapter would be chapter 17 (from gene to protein). That chapter confused me because it talks about all these steps about RNA and its decoding and what not. Genetics is not one of my favorite chapters in the first place so I wasn't really motivated to learn it.
What would you change about this class if you could?
Not much, but one thing I would change or add is a more in depth schedule such as the exact date of each notebooks check so students won't tend to wait to the last minute.
What do you feel is your biggest accomplishment in biology this year?
My biggest accomplishment this year was basically learning more in depth analysis of the biology course.I feel like I gain a lot of knowledge from some of the chapters and I could use those knowledge to help me in life one day or make me sound smart around other people.
Saturday, March 3, 2012
Genome Entries number 5
Chapter 6: Intelligence
Ridley debates if intelligence is natural that is inherited from genes or if intelligence can be trained. An evidence he found is from a gene called IGF2R located on chromosome 6 that can be found in a group if gifted children chosen from all over America because they have IQ's closed to 160. The different sequence in the IGF2R is what separated these kids from the average people. Studies have also shown that on separated twin that heritability influence intelligence and personality. Ridley also mentions that intelligences gens are more expressive later in life because people can choose their own environments and comfort zones which allows the genes to express themselves more because they are more free.
Ridley debates if intelligence is natural that is inherited from genes or if intelligence can be trained. An evidence he found is from a gene called IGF2R located on chromosome 6 that can be found in a group if gifted children chosen from all over America because they have IQ's closed to 160. The different sequence in the IGF2R is what separated these kids from the average people. Studies have also shown that on separated twin that heritability influence intelligence and personality. Ridley also mentions that intelligences gens are more expressive later in life because people can choose their own environments and comfort zones which allows the genes to express themselves more because they are more free.
Genome Entries 4
Chapter: X and Y Conflict
The X and Y chromosomes attracts genes that are beneficial to that sex. The Y chromosomes attracts genes that benefits the male gender such as masculine genes but the x chromosome instead attracts genes that benefit the female gender such as genes that benefit reproduction. The X and Y chromosomes always fight each other for expressions. The Y chromosome is out numbered, so it minimized itself to protect itself from the X chromosomes who numbered them times 3. An example of two genes fighting can be seen in the sexual Antagonism of Fruit Flies. When fruit flies mate, the male's seminal fluid enters the female and in the male's seminal fluid, the proteins enter the bloodstream and travels to the brain of the female. The male proteins tells the female fly to reduce her sexual appetite and increase her ovulation rate. So the male fly is trying to manipulate the female into laying eggs for his sperm and stop reproduction with other flies. This is because of the influence of the Y chromosome in the male. But the female is under selective pressure to be more resistant to the manipulation and the outcome ends in a stalemate. From this information, William Rice did an experiment in which he prevented female flies from evolving resistance while allowing males to generate more effective seminal fluid proteins. He tested the fruits after 29 generations. The results: the male sperm was now so strong that it easily manipulated the female and could even kill her.
The X and Y chromosomes attracts genes that are beneficial to that sex. The Y chromosomes attracts genes that benefits the male gender such as masculine genes but the x chromosome instead attracts genes that benefit the female gender such as genes that benefit reproduction. The X and Y chromosomes always fight each other for expressions. The Y chromosome is out numbered, so it minimized itself to protect itself from the X chromosomes who numbered them times 3. An example of two genes fighting can be seen in the sexual Antagonism of Fruit Flies. When fruit flies mate, the male's seminal fluid enters the female and in the male's seminal fluid, the proteins enter the bloodstream and travels to the brain of the female. The male proteins tells the female fly to reduce her sexual appetite and increase her ovulation rate. So the male fly is trying to manipulate the female into laying eggs for his sperm and stop reproduction with other flies. This is because of the influence of the Y chromosome in the male. But the female is under selective pressure to be more resistant to the manipulation and the outcome ends in a stalemate. From this information, William Rice did an experiment in which he prevented female flies from evolving resistance while allowing males to generate more effective seminal fluid proteins. He tested the fruits after 29 generations. The results: the male sperm was now so strong that it easily manipulated the female and could even kill her.
Genome Entries 3
Chapter 13 Pre-Hisotry
In this chapter, Ridley talks about how the expansion of people across Europe and Asia throughout time is related to genetic variation. There is a family connection between the three families off Indo-European, Altaic, and Uralic in which it came from a single language spoken throughout Eurasia 15,000 years ago by hunter-gathering people. Genes support the evidence that expansions and migrations of human beings with technological skills is a important part of human evolution and it also affects evolution. For example the males of the Northern Finland have a different distinct Y chromosome then other Europeans but looks much more like the Y chromosomes of northern Asian people. This is because in the past, Finland was a place where the Uralic language was imposed on. BRCA2 is a gene on chromosome 13. It is a breast cancer gene and was common and high among the Iceland populations.
In this chapter, Ridley talks about how the expansion of people across Europe and Asia throughout time is related to genetic variation. There is a family connection between the three families off Indo-European, Altaic, and Uralic in which it came from a single language spoken throughout Eurasia 15,000 years ago by hunter-gathering people. Genes support the evidence that expansions and migrations of human beings with technological skills is a important part of human evolution and it also affects evolution. For example the males of the Northern Finland have a different distinct Y chromosome then other Europeans but looks much more like the Y chromosomes of northern Asian people. This is because in the past, Finland was a place where the Uralic language was imposed on. BRCA2 is a gene on chromosome 13. It is a breast cancer gene and was common and high among the Iceland populations.
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